History of Baking Soda free essay sample

Its simple, basic and cheap. Baking soda is simply sodium bicarbonate, a substance found naturally in mineral deposits, oceans and lake sediments as trona ore. Sodium bicarbonate is also manufactured in the human body, where it helps to maintain the correct pH of the blood stream, neutralizes stomach acids and plaque acids, and carries carbon dioxide from bodily tissue to the lungs. Baking soda is a white crystalline powder (NaHC03) better known to chemists as sodium bicarbonate, bicarbonate of soda, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium acid carbonate. It is classified as an acid salt, formed by combining an acid (carbonic) nd a base (sodium hydroxide), and it reacts with other chemicals as a mild alkali. At temperatures above 300 degrees Fahrenheit (149 degrees Celsius), baking soda decomposes into sodium carbonate (a more stable substance), water, and carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate was discovered by two workers at a college of medicine in Berlin in the year 1800. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Baking Soda or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the time there was a lot of interest in the properties and behaviour of what was called fixed air (carbon dioxide). This strange material generated the bubbles in fermenting beer mash, could be made by adding acid to oda (sodium carbonate) or pearl ash (potassium carbonate), and was somehow made in the lungs of animals from the component in ordinary air, oxygen. Imported from England, baking soda was first used in America during colonial times, but it was not produced in the United States until 1839. In 1846, Austin Church, a Connecticut physician, and John Dwight, a farmer from Massachusetts, established a factory in New York to manufacture baking soda. Dr. Churchs son, John, owned a mill called the Vulcan Spice Mills. Vulcan, the Roman god of forge and fire, was represented by an arm and hammer, and the new baking soda company adopted the rm and hammer logo as its own. Today, the Arm Hammer brand of baking soda is among the most widely recognized brand names. The native chemical and physical properties of baking soda account for its wide range of applications, including cleaning, deodorizing, and buffering. Baking soda neutralizes odors chemically, rather than masking or absorbing them. Consequently, it is used in bath salts and deodorant body powders. Its ability to tabletize makes it a good effervescent ingredient in antacids and denture cleaning products. Sodium bicarbonate is also found in some anti-plaque mouthwash products and toothpaste. When baking soda is used as a cleaner in paste form or dry on a damp sponge, its crystalline structure provides a gentle abrasion that helps to remove dirt without scratching sensitive surfaces. Its mild alkalinity works to turn up fatty acids contained in dirt and grease into a form of soap that can be dissolved in water and rinsed easily. Baking soda is also used as a leavening agent in making baked goods such as bread or pancakes. When combined with an acidic agent (such as lemon Juice), carbon dioxide gas is released and is absorbed by the products cells. As the gas In addition to its many home uses, baking soda also has many industrial applications. For instance, baking soda releases carbon dioxide when heated. Since carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it can smother flames by keeping oxygen out, making sodium bicarbonate a useful agent in fire extinguishers. Other applications include air pollution control (because it absorbs sulfur dioxide and other acid gas emissions), abrasive blastings for removal of surface coatings, chemical manufacturing, leather tanning, oil well drilling fluids (because it precipitates calcium nd acts as a lubricant), rubber and plastic manufactu

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper April Barthel PSY360 October 31, 2016 Gerald Thauberger Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper What exactly is co gnitive psychology? Defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary , "a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behaviorcompare " CITATION Edind \l 1033 (Editors, Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Cognitive psychology covers a broad range of topics like our thinking, attention, memory, language, our ability to be creative, and to solve problems. How we perceive things and ho w we think and reason are all part of the cognitive process. Cognitive psychology explores how the mind works, and also what establishes the mind. This eventually is how cognitive theory formed. A t least four key milestones that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline are the fall in behaviorism, the information processing model and computer metaphor , artificial intelligence and neuroscience. Another important factor in Cognitive Psychology is behavioral observation. Each of these factors contributed to and formed what we know of today as cognitive psychology. The Fir st milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is the fall of behaviorism. " There was great d issatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on external behavior rather than internal processes. " CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) The cognitive approach gave people an insight into the why' aspect of different behaviors, whereas the behaviorist approach only looked as the external aspects. Behaviorism focused mostly on the observational aspect of psychology. CITATION SanND \l 1033 (San Diego Figure Skating Communications, N.D.) The behaviorist did not want to accept or come to terms with the internal part of the human mind. They also tested animals with no regards to finding out if there would be a different outcome with humans. Behavioral psychologist felt that a behavior is learned. An example of this would be Ivan Pavlov, teaching the dog to salivate when hearing the sound of a bell ringing. CITATION McL071 \l 1033 (McLeod, Pavlov's Dogs, 2007) He proved that a dog could be conditioned to learn to do things such as associate a bell with food which, in turn caused them to salivate more at the sound of a bell. The problem with this is that they did not ask the million-dollar question, Why?". With cognitive psychology, takes an internal look into the mind, not just of animals but humans also, to find out why they behave as they do. Cognitive psychologists use experiments to internally investigate the human psyche. Instead of looking at the external aspect of the behaviors, they take a more in-depth look at what happens between the input and output of the mediational process. The second milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is t he information processing model and computer metaphor. "Thecomputergave cognitive psychologists ametaphor, oranalogy, to which they could compare human mentalprocessing. Essentially, acomputer codes (i.e. changes)information, storesinformation, usesinformation, and produces an output (retrievesinfo)." CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) With the invention of the computers, the way that they worked and their software gave psychologists a type of way to compare it to the human mind. The mind, like the computer, has a connection in which we have input (like seeing words on a paper), then codes it (changes it into information to be stored), and finally output (which is where we read the words on the paper). When we process the information in which we are consuming, they can be stored in the brain. The information can be stored and turned into memories, mental pictures, and different perceptions. All of the information that we intake are then changed by our senses so that it can be transformed, stored and retrieved when we deem it necessary. By using the information processing technique like this, humans compare to the workings of computers. The third milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is artificial intelligence. " Artificial intelligence in cognitive psychology was the attempt to artificially create cognitive beings." CITATION Cog16 \l 1033 (Cognitive Science Department, 2016) With artificial intelligence (AI),

Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 6 - Essay Example and Czech Republic, especially reinforced after 1993 ("U.S. Department of State," July 2009). Since Steve proposes to set up Pizza outlets at Czech, he must address issues related to their eating habits, and factors that would affect the customer services:- Czechs are primarily meat eaters; pork, beef and chicken based dishes are popular. Goose, rabbit, duck are found in many common dishes. Many of Europe's popular cakes and pastries have a Czech origin. From a marketing perspective, Chicago style Pizza would have to be positioned against the Czech's popular fried cheese. The cultural differences between U.S. and Czechs are addressable, and should not unduly hamper Steve's business prospects. As a marketing strategy, Steve may wish to explore a few possibilities, such as, to provide: The primary economical advantage to Steve would be the lower wage expectations by Czechs. Hofstede's four dimension indices (http://www.geert-hofstede.com/) can be used to evaluate the business climate at Czech:- Power Distance Index (PDI): This represents the extent to which inequality in society is endorsed by people. The PDI of Czech is 57, as against the U.S. which is 40. Steve can therefore use his positional power, and expect Czech employees to be more subservient than the U.S. counterparts. Individualism (IDV): This repr... As a marketing strategy, Steve may wish to explore a few possibilities, such as, to provide: Combo flavors - Chicago style pizza with Czech fried cheese. Differential discount pricing for kids and "generation-next", targeting young adults. Weekend packages for families with ambience as near as Czech cottages and summer houses. Sober, but caring hospitality. Q.2 What comparative advantages exist in the Czech Can Steve take advantage of these The primary economical advantage to Steve would be the lower wage expectations by Czechs. Hofstede's four dimension indices (http://www.geert-hofstede.com/) can be used to evaluate the business climate at Czech:- Power Distance Index (PDI): This represents the extent to which inequality in society is endorsed by people. The PDI of Czech is 57, as against the U.S. which is 40. Steve can therefore use his positional power, and expect Czech employees to be more subservient than the U.S. counterparts. Individualism (IDV): This represents the extent to which individuals are knit into tight groups, including extended family. A lower index indicates tight grouping, whereas, higher index reflects individualism. As against Czechs index of 58, the U.S. stands at 91. This means that relatively Czechs are more group (as well as, family) oriented. Steve can use this fact to market group discount pricing strategies on eateries. Steve should also use the advantage of knowing Czech culture for better market strategy. Masculinity (MAS): A higher index means assertive (masculine) behavior versus a lower index which indicates caring (feminine) traits. As against Czechs index of 57, the U.S. stands at 62. Although this is a marginal difference, yet it does indicate that Czechs would expect a

A Long Short Screenplay and Step Outline about homelessness and hunger Research Paper

A Long Short Screenplay and Step Outline about homelessness and hunger among the working poor - Research Paper Example We used up all the money that I got last week. I also went to a friend of mine, he was broke as well, but he gave me a dollar. Let us go find something to eat. Alex and Tom, who are two 20 year old homeless individuals who work at a certain car wash in the streets, sit on a hip of garbage. They look so discouraged. They are so dirty that the people passing by do not want to get close to them. Alex looks at Tom and smiles. My friend, we have not eaten now for three days. That work at the car wash is not worth it man. It would be better to just sit and do nothing, than tire ourselves with that worthless job. This life keeps getting harder and harder. I wish I was in a school Tom, and I also wish I had a family. They both nod their heads in agreement to that. Tom looks to the left, and as if expectedly, sees Peter and Phyllis walking out of the wooden hotel outside Brands mini-shop. Peter also sees the two, and walks towards them. There is no work at the car wash, since the beginning of this week; we have only washed one car. Otherwise, we are glad that we are still alive sir. But we are very hungry; imagine we have not eaten for three days. Peter puts his right hand into the polythene bag and brings out an even smaller black polythene paper and hands it over to the boys. The boys smile and thank Peter and his wife. Peter smiles back at them, and together with his wife, they leave. As they leave, Alex and Tom eat the food gluttonously. Annette’s face is suddenly filled with gloom. She wishes her son could understand how hard things are. She works in a hardware office by the road side as a cleaner, but she does not get much from it. She goes and sits beside her son But we know those boys, how mean can you be? What if they were your kids? Okay, if you feel bad about that, then why don’t you eat all of that food yourself? Since all you ever think about is your stomach. Annette looks at Phyllis, and knows that she is hiding

Human resources contributes at SYSCO Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resources contributes at SYSCO - Case Study Example For a company to run its operations in a given setting it requires to comply with some rules and procedures set by the existing government authority. These regulations require professional persons to administer it. For SYSCO to receive the Optimas award for general HR excellence from workforce magazine shows that the company have complied with most of the existing regulations and that it is being administered well. Reducing workers compensation calls for strong health and safety regulations and adherence to the same. SYSCO HR team must have dealt seriously with previous injuries and accidents that had occurred in the company. They must have identified the root causes of the injuries and accidents to forge ahead in reducing the same. In addition, HR efforts have seen a reduction in employee’s turnover especially to the team that works at night. Employees and operating managers input in the survey data has helped in making decisions that retain employees. For instance, employees who work at night can receive extra pay for working at night, receive special treatments like supper, or change shifts every week with those who work during the day. Customer satisfaction is another area that SYSCO HR has worked hard to see grow. They have done this through selecting employees with customer oriented skills and trained them on how to value customers as the biggest assets of the company. Getting fee dback form customers might be another means SYSCO HR have used to capture advanced customer needs in their

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Cluster Environment

Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Cluster Environment Victoria Mamatova Trends and analysis of the effectiveness of the cluster environment Abstract Today competitiveness is a common? topic in the world, and it is used as a device to reach the optimal economic growth and stable development. Among the main problems for the development of industrial clusters in the absence of an obvious approach is to evaluating its performance. This research has reviewed the economic effectiveness indicators of innovative clusters. This work provides a review of several methods and approaches of evaluating the cluster performance. Then the most appropriate and fully describing approach will be chosen as the most optimum one. Introduction Clusters, due to their inherent capability to support cooperation between different innovation actors in a region, provide a favourable environment encouraging RD driven innovation closely linked to the markets needs. Clusters are now a new trend in the field of innovation and new technologies. In developed countries, they have long been a platform where innovative ideas are born and implemented into practice. Russia also recently discovered a similar phenomenon, but already rapidly developing more and more opportunities in this area. The aim of this work is to study the methods for assessing the effectiveness of innovation clusters, and identifying common trends in the development of the cluster environment. This research proposal expects to have the following outcomes by the end of the project. First, it is important to define the measurement of the economic effectiveness of each cluster. The next objective is to develop quantitative and qualitative indicators that evaluate the effectiveness of clusters, to apply these indicators to the analysis of clusters and confirm the validity of these indicators. Then the analysis of the mechanism and methods required for analysis of cluster environment will be discovered.   In addition, it will be discussed the different approaches towards clusters and find the most appropriate one. Then given a review on the consequences of these concepts for economic and industrial policy. Finally, it will provide description of national and regional approaches in supporting clus ters and identifies the main challenges that clusters meet today for its proper functioning and development. Nowadays there is no any system or standard accepted, where would be a unite criteria for estimating performance of the cluster. Clusters can be estimated by each criteria separately. However, it is hard to define the whole effectiveness of cluster with separated values such as profit or performance or sustainability etc. Recent publications in foreign literature offer a variety of ways and methods to assess performance and efficiency of the cluster. However, many of them are evaluated in only one cluster parameter. Literature Review The origin of clusters. The current state of research regarding the cluster concept has evolved based on the studies conducted on agglomeration of firms. The first studies in this field started with four empirical observations (Marshall, 1890; Krugman, 1991; Malmberg, Solvell Zander, 1996): most part of the world, national economic and industrial areas are concentrated in very few regions. In these regions investors, universities, government or any other stakeholders of companies are operating. These companies have a longer life and effectiveness than isolated one due to the concentration of resources in this area. The later studies conducted by Porter (1990) and Krugman (1991) highlighted and added new dimensions to Marshalls observations. Despite criticisms regarding the generality of the approach, the widely accepted descriptions regarding clusters are: Geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and Institutions in the particular field (Porter, 1998, p. 45). Clusters a re not seen as fixed flows of goods and services, but rather as dynamic arrangements based on knowledge creation, increasing returns and innovation in a broad sense (Krugman, 1991). Porter (2000) redefines the cluster concept in a new analysis, concentrating on the type of relations that exists between cluster members à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a geographically proximate group of inter connected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementaritiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- (Porter, 2000), and defining its boundaries that can à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢range from a single city or state to a country or even a group of neighbouring countries (Porter, 2000). Modern clusters. Now there is a cluster concept (Porter, 2007) that says that companies gain more competiveness and therefore effectiveness inside the cluster. It also claims that firms in the cluster have a longer life than other isolated companies. There is competition within the cluster. This competition can be among cluster members in an advanced way in the international market. It is worth mentioning that reducing competition is the most important goal among members of the cluster. The idea of reducing competition means ensuring agencies to cooperate more clusters to have an easy access to commercial inputs. Reaching the above goals in cluster facilitates outer-cluster competition and also business and enterprise firms can make the cluster ready for international competition (Kim, 2002). Nowadays there are two problems concerning clusters: economic integration and cluster effectiveness. Economic integration of clusters should be supported by the government with laws (Litzel, 2009), while clusters should consider the intensive intra-regional relationship between its elements (businesses, suppliers, institutions etc.). A cluster model. In order to understand the cluster model from the viewpoint of relations between firms, researchers have defined different models that take into account supplier chains relations, directly based on specific characteristics of urban areas, and clusters which define a typology (Malmberg, Solvell, Zander, 1996) that describes four different agglomerations, which highlights the conceptual differences between the clusters and the other three models.   Based on the role of different cluster members and the interaction between them, Markusen (1996) has defined four models of clusters. Markusen compares its models of modern clusters with the Marshal one, in which the cluster is rather comprising small firms that collaborate with each other, are in direct competition or in a supplier-producer relation. In a hub-and-spoke cluster, there are few dominant firms that represent the core of the cluster and are surrounded by numerous small firms that are linked directly to t hem. In a satellite platform cluster, a group of branch facilities of externally based multi-plant firms (Markusen, 1996) are located in a particular geographic region in order to benefit from governmental facilities or low costs with supplies and workforce. The last category, the state centered (He Fallah, 2011) or state anchored cluster (Markusen, 1996) is defined around a public, governmental or non-profit organization that dominates the region and the economic relation between cluster members. In short, the industrial cluster literature highlights the importance of cluster governance operating horizontally between cluster firms and institutions in local contexts, be it learning and innovation for economic upgrading or implementing CSR measures for social upgrading. This horizontal governance can be contrasted with the vertical governance in GVCs that links global lead firms to both first-tier and local suppliers in international production networks (see below). Cluster firms in developing economies often find themselves confronted by conflicting demands from global buyers, which seek lower labor costs while simultaneously requiring suppliers to comply with higher quality or social standards that would incur additional expenditures (Barrientos Smith 2007; Lund-Thomsen Pillay 2012). The fear of global buyers being foot-loose can keep cluster actors from making sustained investments in infrastructure or workforce development, thereby hindering local joint action. Such anxie ty has grown in the face of global economic recessions (Ruwanpura Wrigley 2011). Industrial clusters. A number of studies have been conducted to show the investment criteria for choosing the industrial clusters in decision-making, which can be separated into several strands. A main group of studies presents that firms will select investment location depending on the development of an innovation system or a technological system in a region (Braunerhjelm et al., 2000, Malerba, 2002, Cooke, 2002, Yeh Chang, 2003, Fleming and Sorenson, 2003, Chang and Shih, 2004, Bell, 2005, Asheim Coenen, 2005). It is reasonable to expect that industrial clusters will emerge from the location where innovation opportunity is available and accessible, as in the link between firms clustering and their probability to innovate (Baptista and Swann, 1998). These building blocks in the innovation system research institution, infrastructure, innovation network, and technology transfer mechanism, will affect the competitiveness of the industrial cluster. Network externality (Dayasindhu, 200 2) and market proximity (Krugman, 1995, Cook et al., 2001) are sometimes the critical criteria when creating a new start-up in an industrial cluster. Innovational clusters. Innovation through industrial clusters can be defined as a way to increase the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises by reaping the benefits generated by the local structures and synergies via cooperative relationship (Idrissia, Amaraa and Landrya, 2012). The clusters provide alliances, which among other things promote flexibility in terms of production volume and variety, reductions in investment costs, reduction in transaction costs and increase in operational efficiency, increased bargaining power, and the development of technology innovation processes (Rabellotti, 1999; Solvell, Ketels and Lindqvist, 2008; Bas, Amoros and Kunc, 2008). The synergy of industrial clusters is also recognized as a relationship network including companies in the same industry sector and that offer them the possibility to achieve innovation and improve product and process development. According to Kuei-Hsien, Miles and Ghung-Shing (2008), network relationships can differ entiate the value of the productive chain when the partners are engaged in activities of common interests allowing the improvement of pro-active actions in the final product or service, which creates a stimulating environment for the innovation process. Engel and del-Palacio (2009) extended Porters (year) definition of industrial agglomeration to delineate a Global Cluster of Innovation Framework that describes business clusters defined not primarily by industry specialization but by the stage of development and innovation of the clusters constituents. While industry concentrations do exist, they are not definitive. It is rather the nature and the behavior of the components that is distinctive-the rapid emergence of new firms commercializing new technologies, creating new markets, and addressing global markets. Methodology The purpose of my research is to estimate the economic effectiveness of clusters performance. Therefore, the main methods of evaluating cluster effectiveness would be economic methods of evaluating project effectiveness. These methods allow seeing the economic feasibility of investment and detecting one of the most financially advantageous of clusters. It is accepted to divide methods of evaluating to dynamic, those that take into account the time factor, and static: accounts. The first group to overview is static methods. The rate of profit is the ratio of the average annual income to total investment costs (Rutherford, 2002). This method can be used to compare several alternatives to capital investment. The most profitable cluster will be considered as one if its rate of profit is not less than the rate of return alternative. The second method is method of determining the payback period. Payback period is a period of time through which the full return on investment due to income from the project (Rutherford, 2002). The payback period of a given cluster is an important determinant of whether to undertake the position or project, as longer payback periods are typically not desirable for investment positions. The next group is dynamic methods. The first is method of net present value (NVP). This method compares the investment volume of the cluster with a total sum of the discounted net cash flows generated during the period of the intended investment. NPV shows if used in the calculation of the rate of return reach R (where R is Interest rate) of the investment within the project life cycle. It should be noted that disadvantages of this method is impossibility to assess which of the alternative cluster are better with great NPV and a long payback period, or a lower NPV, but faster payback. The method of internal rate of return (IRR) This method shows the rate at which the present value of the net revenue from the investment of the project is equal to the present value of the investment and the value of net present value: zero. The disadvantage of this method is that the IRR analysis is not suitable for ordinary investment flows. Then all quantitive and qualitive should be summerised to get number that actually describes effectiveness of each cluster. Each number describes one cluster, so there will be 5 numbers for 5 clusters. The method that will be used to summerise all the criteria is analytic hierarchy process developed by Saaty (2008). This method helps to determine the root of any problem through a hierarchical view of the elements. The main idea of the method is to split the problem into smaller elements, the next step they are compared in pairs. Then the next level is estimated by stating priorities and values each criteria. The output is a relative degree of interaction of the elements in the hierarchy. Overall, these are the main methods that will be used in my study. All of them are quantitative methods. That means that it requires quantifiable data involving numerical and statistical explanations. That is why firstly there will be data collected and analysed from financial and performance monthly reports. Statistica or MS Excel will be used to proceed the data and define the main financial and performance values and then count PP, NVP, IRR that mentioned above. There is no particular soft to build the analytic hierarchy process, so MS Excel is an appropriate option. Anticipated Results By the end of this project there will be five values that fully describe the effectiveness of each (of five) cluster. According to these values, it is possible to choose the most effective one. Therefore, it is very useful tool for investors that can easily define the cluster to invest. Companies also can define their weak sides and where they should improve performance, as priority system is used in the hierarchy analytical method. As it was mentioned before, there is no union system to identify the overall cluster effectiveness. This project will be an example of another working tool for measuring the most effective cluster. Moreover, after finishing project there will be gaps and mistakes revealed (if there any). And then recommendations will be given considering these gaps and how to fix them or improve it. Conclusion The purpose of this review was to view trends in evaluating the economic effectiveness of clusters performance within the past five years and see the rapid improvement in innovation clusters. It is clear from the research that creating and integrating clusters and cluster policy is widely practiced in todays economy. That is why there are plenty of methods of estimating cluster effectiveness such as static and dynamic methods of effectiveness analysis. These methods will be analyzed to find out the one that can fully describe the effectiveness. In this research the most appropriate method will be found and reviewed on the consequences of concepts for economic and industrial policy, as today clusters meet some challenges for its proper functioning and development. References Baptista, R., Swann, P. (1998). Do firms in clusters innovate more?. Research policy, 27(5), 525-540. Krugman, P. (1991). History and industry location: The case of the manufacturing belt. The American Economic Review, 81(2), 80-83. Kuei-Hsien, N., Miles, G., Chung-Shing, L. (2008). Strategic development of network clusters. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 18(3), 176-81. Litzel, N., Mà ¶ller, J. (2009). Industrial clusters and economic integration: theoretic concepts and an application to the European Metropolitan Region Nuremberg, 44-47. Malmberg, A., Sà ¶lvell, ÃÆ'-., Zander, I. (1996). Spatial clustering, local accumulation of knowledge and firm competitiveness. Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography, 85-97. Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of economics: An introductory volume (Eighth Edition). London: Macmillan. Ortega-Colomer, F. J., Molina-Morales, F. X., Fernà ¡ndez de Lucio, I. (2016). Discussing the Concepts of Cluster and Industrial District. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 11(2), 139-147. Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15-34. Porter, M. (2007). Clusters and economic policy: Aligning public policy with the new economics of competition. Cambridge: Harvard Business School, 2. Rutherford D. (2002). In Routledge Dictionary of Economics (2d ed.). London, New York: Routledge. Ruwanpura, K. N., Wrigley, N. (2011). The costs of compliance? Views of Sri Lankan apparel manufacturers in times of global economic crisis. Journal of Economic Geography, 11(6), 1031-1049. Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International journal of services sciences, 1(1), 83-98.

Cold War Essay -- essays research papers

War is normally associated with destruction and death to end a conflict or some sort of disagreement but that is not always the case. After World War II the United States and the Soviet Union began a war that would span decades yet there would be no direct battle between the two nations. This time is called the Cold war because of its lack of battle between just the two nations. Even though it was never the soviets verse the Americans the Soviets often fought the Americans. What could have went so horribly wrong that two nations who at one point were fighting on the same side can suddenly disagree so violently that they aid others to fight each other? The reasons are many and in-depth but it all started at the end of World war II. When the smoke cleared after the last battle of World War II two powers arose. One a democratic society the other a socialistic society neither wanting one to be better than the other. Central Europe, mainly Germany, was the center of the disturbance at the end of the war. The reason that Germany became such a volatile area is because the Soviets controlled one half while the Allies controlled the other and neither was willing to cooperate with the other. As Germany was being divided most of the other European countries were suffering and in need of aid. The United States gave as much aid as they could but there was no possible way to relieve everyone. All over south eastern Europe Communist and socialist parties were rising and gaining power blam...

Gothic Art and Architecture

Gothic art and architecture played a very important role in the appearance of medieval times. The approximate time frame of the Gothic stage began in 1125, preceding the Romanesque period. Gothic art was first considered very ugly and was believed that barbarians were only capable of making such pieces. So, the name gothic meaning ghost was given to this time period. Now in the 20th century people think Gothic art is beautiful and admire it greatly. The First Methodist church in Notate by Red Barrel is a Gothic church.While looking at the church you take note of the pointed arches. This is a feature that began in the Gothic time period, and replaced rounded arches of the Romanesque period. Pointed arches are on every window and on the frame of the door. Inside you can see a simple barrel vaulting system. Another feature of Gothic art that The First Methodist Church has is the wonderful stain glass windows. They were very long and told a religious story. The stain glass allows the wal ls to be thinner and let a nice color filled light in.This light fills the church, and back then would be one of the only systems of light. The most dominant feature of Gothic architecture is the size, or height of the church. They believed that the higher the church the better, because they were closer to heaven. Some even contained towers so they could be closer to heaven. The one in Notate is very tall and has a very high ceiling. The ground plan for the church is in a cross, Just like medieval times. Inside the church is very complex along with the high ceilings.There are no painting, but the columns are highly decorated and complex. The First Methodist Church in Notate has many Gothic features, but is missing some characteristics. It does not have flying buttresses, or a rose window, which were strong Gothic traits. Also there were no windows on the east end where the sun rises. Alters were mainly put on the eat end, so when the sun rose it would fill the alter with light. Goth ic architecture is very beautiful, and the town of Notate is very lucky to have such a marvelous Gothic church in its town.

The Singer Solution to World Poverty

The Singer Solution to World Poverty Peter Singer is an Australian Philosopher. He is considered as a controversial ethicist, who gives one-fifth of his income to famine relief agencies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Singer Solution to World Poverty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recently he wrote an article in The New York Times â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty† in which he has suggested that those who have money to spend on luxury should generously donate to help poor people. In this article he has represented some unconventional thoughts about rich people`s obligation for needy ones. However, he has overlooked many facts and has unanswered many questions. Peter Singer has suggested that prosperous people of America should limit their luxurious activities for the sake of poor, hungry and malnourished people. Here question arises what does luxury means? Everyone in this world has different perception about luxury for example ma ny people consider Television as the basic need of life in order to get information and current situation of the world where as some people consider it as a luxury like Peter Singer who strongly believes that the amount of money we spent to buy a TV could be donated to a hungry person who can buy healthy food for himself with that money (Singer). Today people do not consider TV as a luxury but they rely on it for their daily activities they wanted to know about weather emergencies, current events and happenings that are going on across the global. One more important question is about â€Å"necessity†. Most of the American people consider toilet paper a necessity whereas other might consider it as a luxury those people who are living in stricken localities. In this article Peter Singer emphasizes on the need to save lives of poor people by donating that money which goes for luxuries (Singer). Money should be donated to the organizations like UNICEF that could send the money ac ross the boundaries. With that money clothes, food shelter and basic necessities of life could be provided to needy people.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, many people doubted the amount of money they donate to such organizations would really reach to the people it was send for? Peter strongly believes that people of America may become kind one day and they start donating money for hungry children in foreign countries. There is urgent need to realize the fact that if a person just gives up eating out in a restaurant for only one month he could easily save amount that can save life of a child (Singer). From this it could be suggested that saving life of a child is much more valuable than dining out. The perception of donating might be difficult for few years but gradually prosperous people would start donating and this trend could be passed on to generations to generations. Another important question which has left unanswered is that what will happen if organizations such as UNICEF will receive more and more money, they will become power full and would be able to take decisions that might affects the whole world. It could result in causing anarchy, more poverty, hunger and destruction (Singer). According to Peter there is greater need to help people overseas but what about poor needy people of America? Here poverty level is rising day by day, when the government is unable to resolve their issues than how can they give permission to organizations to give money to foreign countries (Singer). Therefore it could be concluded that there are various facts is this article that are left unclear. Although Peter`s thoughts are really good and humanistic but there is no practical application of his perceptions in today`s world. Work Cited Singe, P. The Singer Solution to World Poverty. 5 September 1990. people.brandeis.edu. 20 June 2011 http://peopl e.brandeis.edu/~teuber/singermag1.html.

The Effects on Civilization essays

The Effects on Civilization essays Michael Adas points out in his book Machines as the Measure of Men, that eighteenth century French bourgeois definition of civilized grew to become the standard for Western culture. He argued this to be right due to European expansionist efforts growing further toward a globalize ideal. Societys attitudes toward time, work and nature had transformed due to the changing technology. Similarly, James Gleick focuses on our contemporary culture, in Faster, as being defined by particular experiences of time and work. The argument, that the Enlightenment thinkers predicted and or hoped for this type of society, and the argument that we are suffering with the consequences of revenge effect of the efforts initiated by the European authors of the philosophy of progress are two debates that could be easily argued. In my opinion I believe that we are suffering from the revenge effect. There is one thing about history that is always right, it will never change. Through textbooks, videos, magazines, etc., society has learned about our past cultures; the way they worked, slept, ate, and how they carried out day to day projects and controversies. Back in the 1800s society had no concept of time. People were just aware of night and day. They didnt have the advances in technology such as medicine that we have today. They didnt wake up in the morning, look at their clock and say to themselves, I just wasted the last hour of my life laying in bed. Most of them didnt have a wish list such as wanting to travel the world or buy a new car before they died. Most of them didnt even have a education to know what any of these luxuries were. I believe as new technology developed, enlightenment thinkers predicted that between our attitudes, work, beliefs, technology, etc. that society would put a greater burden on time, but would do it in ...

WRITE A PLAN HOW YOU WOULD POSITION YOURSELF FOR VICE PRESIDENT HUMAN Essay

WRITE A PLAN HOW YOU WOULD POSITION YOURSELF FOR VICE PRESIDENT HUMAN RESOURCE - Essay Example The Human Resources Department is tasked with specific functions to carry out its objectives. In order to perform these functions well, its personnel should possess the necessary qualifications, most especially, the person leading them – the vice president for human resources. It is in this regard that this essay is written to present a plan for the position of vice president for human resources in a particular organization. The plan would entail presenting the general scope of responsibilities and further detailing the specific roles and responsibilities of a vice president for human resources. In addition, the mission and vision of the department would be identified to present the focus or objective of the department and identify the department’s strategy to attain organizational goals. According to Wytenburg, â€Å"the Vice President of Human Resources/HR Director is responsible for establishing the company’s personnel base (employed and otherwise) and ensuring this base is adequate and appropriate to its strategic and operational needs. This role will often involve such things as career coaching and organizational development, leadership planning and development, and the planning and delivery of training and education.† As the Vice President for Human Resources, the scope of the responsibilities encompasses five functions: job organization and information, acquisition or recruitment of personnel, maintenance, development and research on human resources. The vice president is tasked to supervise, control, and direct the overall implementation of personnel policies while his or her managers and staff takes care of specialized personnel functions. The specific and technical duties of a vice president are complex and multifarious in terms of performing general management functions in relation to top management and to the human resources department personnel. The detailed responsibilities of the position require

Sustainability and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainability and Ethics - Essay Example The very issue of fuddling may also lead to the civil society organisations competing with each other for funding and therefore render it impossible for the civil society organisations to work in concert to have creative and constrictive regulation of the business environment.Given the fact that these organisation can be manipulated by the very businesses they are supposed to regulate, it becomes clear that they may not work for the good of the public but may seek the good of the individual people running them. In this kind of scenario, it can be said that their value to the society is not only reduced but that they are actually harmful to the very public they are supposed to protect. However, it cannot be assumed that all civil societies are easily manipulated by private business through funding. Some of them are well managed and are able to retain their authority and are run with integrity. These few civil society organisations are most likely to be helpful to the public and help i n protecting the public from other organisations that may be unethical in the way they operate.There are a number of issues that affect the way a business is run. Sustainability has become a major beacon in the development of business strategies and it is important for any business manager to be able to know what business sustainability is in order to carefully and effectively include it in the business model and ensure that the business has a good sustainability plan (Brockett and Rezaee, 2012). However, the challenge to its is that there are various definitions of sustainability, and although they are all similar, they all defer from each other in at least one critical way.